The field of ecosystems may concentrate on the inter-dependency of organisms in a localized environment and the relationship between organisms and their surroundings. Ecological studies can range from learning about specific species populations to whole ecosystems and global phenomena.

Slovakia or Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovensko or Slovenská republika, both names are officially recognized), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Slovakia is a member of the European Union so if you are a citizen of another member state, you can legally reside and work in Slovakia without restrictions. Comenius Univerzity is the oldest existing Slovak university, in Bratislava.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.