The field of engineering and technology involves the study of how the conceptual design focus of engineering can be utilized in technological applications. Engineering and technology students learn how to take the plans made by engineers and make them work in the real world.

France is currently among the 20 best performing countries in terms of the economy due to their excellent results-oriented higher education learning. Most of the courses at universities are offered in the French language. France has 60 public and 100 private universities.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.