Doctorate Degrees in Humanities Studies

Compare 147 PhD Programs in Humanities Studies

Humanities Studies

A PhD in Arts and Humanities may be the ideal career choice for many people. Those who have already achieved their Masters degree in this area can further their studies to include this type of post-graduate work.

What Is a PhD in Arts and Humanities?

This type of education focuses on human thoughts and culture. It is an advanced level of education, often focusing on student teacher relationships, advanced research methods, and higher tier courses. It is often very focused on specific areas of study.

What Are the Benefits of Taking a PhD in Arts and Humanities?

Taking this course is beneficial for those who wish to advance their degrees for work-related positions. It is also a likely step for those people who are passionate about their degree and wish to learn at a higher level. Often, these courses involve research work in a given field, which may be interesting to the student.

How Much Does It Cost to Take a PhD in Arts and Humanities?

The cost of a PhD course in this area will range significantly. Most of the time, these programs last between one and three years, though there is a vast amount of difference here. Students who wish to enroll will need to consider the institution carefully, ensuring the program is available and offers the level of study desired.

What Are the Requirements for a PhD in Arts and Humanities?

Students who wish to enroll in this program will need to have completed a Masters-degree program in the area of study. Some of these programs can be hard to get into as well, requiring specialized admissions.

What Kind of Career Improvement Can You Expect with a PhD in Arts and Humanities?

Students may earn more and will be considered more of an expert in their chosen field with this degree.

Why Take an Online PhD in Arts and Humanities?

Online courses are affordable, easy to access, and they allow for the student to continue working while attending, a feature that's important to most students in this area of study.

Where to Take a PhD in Arts and Humanities?

A variety of universities are available, including international and specialized options. Students should consider the program options and consider specialized education prior to enrolling.

 


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147 Results in Humanities Studies Filter

Humanities Studies

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PhD in Women’s Spirituality

California Institute of Integral Studies
Campus Full time September 2017 USA San Francisco

The Women's Spirituality program is located at the intersection of Women/Gender Studies, Ethnic Studies, Philosophy, and Religion. Our program honors the spiritual impulse to redress the suppression of the sacred feminine and the oppression of women. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. PhD in Philosophy and Religion with Concentration in Women's Spirituality The Women's Spirituality program is located at the intersection of Women/Gender Studies, Ethnic Studies, Philosophy, and Religion. Our program honors the spiritual impulse to redress the suppression of the sacred feminine and the oppression of women. We join with those who seek to end the exploitation of marginalized social groups and address the suffering of the Earth and its many species. Our faculty is internationally known and includes many pioneers in the interdisciplinary field of Women’s Spirituality. Overview Founded by internationally known trailblazers in the women's spirituality movement, this doctoral program is located at the intersection of women/gender studies, ethnic studies, religious studies, and philosophy. Through evening and weekend classes, online courses, and a semi-distance option, the program offers you a flexible format that allows you to integrate your studies with your professional and/or family life. Our PhD program: Offers you rigorous academic training that is grounded in transdisciplinary, spiritual, and feminist methodologies Prepares you to conduct original research in one of the following areas: Women in World Religions; Feminist and Ecofeminist Philosophy and Activism; and Women's Mysteries, Sacred Arts, and Healing Provides a community of engaged scholars who are taking leadership on national and global issues related to women, gender, ecology, and spirituality Your doctoral dissertation makes an original contribution to cross-disciplinary scholarship in this emergent field. Areas of Emphasis for the PhD in Philosophy and Religion with a Concentration in Women's Spirituality Women and... [-]

PhD in Sociotechnical Systems Modelling

Rezekne University of Applied Sciences
Campus Full time 3 years September 2017 Latvia Rēzekne

The goal of doctoral study programme is to prepare researchers in the field of information technology industry systems analysis, modeling and design sector, to promote the students' theoretical knowledge and research skills and the application of research results in the following areas: [+]

The goal of doctoral study programme is to prepare researchers in the field of information technology industry systems analysis, modeling and design sector, to promote the students' theoretical knowledge and research skills and the application of research results in the following areas: business and tourism information system modeling; systemic regional development planning; the political system and public management modeling; logistics information systems and transport modeling; production process modeling; e-learning system design; simulation technology development. Visiting professors from partner universities will be involved as teachers and advisors in the programme. Students have an opportunity to participate in Erasmus+ mobility for studies. Qualification awarded: Doctor of Engineering Sciences (Dr.paed.). Admission requirements: Master's or professional master's degree in the computer sciences, information technologies. Discussion of the thesis topic. Duration of studies: 3 years full-time studies. Study programme consists of 3 parts: Part A – compulsory courses Part B – optional courses (specialization) Part C – free elective courses. To complete study programme student has to earn 120 CP (180 ECTS). Final test, if any: Doctoral thesis. Study fee: 3200 EUR per year. If you are interested in the studies at Rezekne University of Applied Sciences fill application form at this address: http://www.rta.lv/online_application_procedure. [-]

PhD in Psychology

Singapore Management University
Campus Full time 4 - 5 years August 2018 Singapore

The Singapore Management University (SMU) PhD in Psychology programme equips students with doctoral-level knowledge in content areas in psychology and research methodology, with broad research strengths which include Cognitive; Cultural; Evolutionary; Industrial & Organisational; and Social-Personality. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. The Singapore Management University (SMU) PhD in Psychology programme equips students with doctoral-level knowledge in content areas in psychology and research methodology, with broad research strengths which include Cognitive; Cultural; Evolutionary; Industrial & Organisational; and Social-Personality. Students will learn, from both coursework and hands-on research experiences, to link psychological theory, study design, measurement, and data analysis in order to make substantive inferences and evidence-based recommendations to theory and practice that are scientifically defensible. Students in the programme have presented their work at international conferences and published their research in top journals in psychology. Graduates of the programme will be well-prepared for psychology and psychology-related careers in academia and industry. PhD in Psychology Programme Structure The PhD in Psychology is a full-time programme, with a maximum candidature of five years. In the first two years of study, students will enrol in intensive courses to build their research depth and breadth. The coursework is intended to lay the groundwork in preparation for the dissertation research. A student in the programme will be required to finish a Master’s thesis by submitting the written thesis and orally defending it. The student will then have to sit for a PhD Qualifying Examination (QE), which will assess his or her mastery of the foundation required for the next stage of the PhD programme – the dissertation. The dissertation is a student’s original work in his or her specialised area through independent research. Framework - 6 Foundation courses (6 Course Units) - 2... [-]

Doctor of Philosophy

Avondale College of Higher Education
Campus or Online Full time Part time 3 - 4 years August 2018 Australia Cooranbong Wahroonga + 2 more

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a complete, stand-alone degree that is an internationally recognised doctoral degree. It is designed for students to develop advanced skills in carrying out independent and sustained research. [+]

Doctor of Philosophy Course Overview The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a complete, stand-alone degree that is an internationally recognised doctoral degree. It is designed for students to develop advanced skills in carrying out independent and sustained research. The thesis should demonstrate a critical application of specialist knowledge and make an independent contribution to knowledge in the area of research. The course is unique in that it is delivered within Avondale’s Christian education framework. Students of the Doctor of Philosophy degree will develop critical thinking skills, ethical scholarship, and attitudes that are conducive to personal and collective involvement. The aim of the Doctor of Philosophy degree is to mentor students' independent learning ability for continuing professional development through acquiring the necessary skills including transferable skills, research techniques and their application. Research specialisations can be in the areas of Education, Arts, Nursing, Ministry and Theology. Course Code 5001 Course Duration Three to four years full-time Study Mode On-Campus or distance education Accreditation The Doctor of Philosophy degree course is self-accredited by Avondale College of Higher Education within the terms of level 10 in the Australian Qualifications Framework. The course is nationally registered with the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency. Avondale offers the PhD as a jointly conferred degree with Charles Sturt University, the Avondale degrees being held in high regard. [-]

Doctoral Programme in Languages and Communication

University of Vaasa
Campus Full time 4 years August 2018 Finland Vaasa

Students of the Doctoral Programme in Languages and Communication complete a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD, degree. The aim of the program is to train scientific experts in languages and communication with national and international connections. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. Students of the Doctoral Programme in Languages and Communication complete a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD, degree. The aim of the program is to train scientific experts in languages and communication with national and international connections. The research fields of the programme are applied linguistics, communication studies, and culture and literature studies. Applied linguistics is especially focused on professional languages and communication, language acquisition and immersion, and translation studies. The programme is connected to the following research teams: Bilingualism and Communication in Organizations (BiLingCo), Knowledge and Action in Specialized Communication (KASC), Language Acquisition, Language Teaching and Language Contact in Multilingual Contexts (ReACT), and Intercultural Phenomena in Time (IPIT). The studies of the programme consist of courses on research work and skills, and courses that prepare for working life. These include courses on research theory, methods, ethics and in-depth examination of current scientific research and discussion. The courses on working life consist of training for work in the academic, public and private sectors. The programme is in cooperation with the national doctoral programme in language studies (Langnet) and the Graduate School of Communication Studies. The programme members organize national seminars and courses in collaboration with the said schools. Additionally, the programme utilizes the extensive international network of its research groups. The leader of the Doctoral Programme is Professor Esa Lehtinen. The Graduate School of the University of Vaasa is looking for motivated, talented and research-oriented students to its doctoral programmes. There are two application periods for doctoral studies... [-]

PhD Program in Cognitive Sciences

National Chung Cheng University
Campus Full time September 2017 Taiwan Chia Yi

The all-English PhD program in Cognitive Sciences (CS) at National Chung Cheng University (CCU) is a new doctoral program, formally established in 2013, created by the joint efforts among faculty members of Center for Research in Cognitive Sciences, [+]

About the Program The all-English PhD program in Cognitive Sciences (CS) at National Chung Cheng University (CCU) is a new doctoral program, formally established in 2013, created by the joint efforts among faculty members of Center for Research in Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, Graduate Institute of Linguistics, Department of Philosophy, Graduate Institute of Education, Department of Electrical Engineering, and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering. CCU has been playing a leading role in fostering and promoting cognitive sciences for more than a quarter of century in Taiwan, and we are excited to announce the new degree-awarding PhD program, which represents an interdisciplinary integration across many well-developed academic institutes and departments at CCU. Our goal The main objectives of the CS program are to explore the nature of human mind and intelligence, the brain mechanisms underlying mental functions, and the behaviors that derive from the mental faculties. More specifically, the program covers areas encompassing psychology (especially cognitive psychology), linguistics, philosophy (especially philosophy of mind), artificial intelligence, image processing, machine learning, and neuroscience. We not only anticipate to make contributions to the study of mind, brain, and behaviors from our own disciplines, but also to benefit from closely interacting and communicating with colleagues from other disciplines that share the same intellectual interests, both at the level of theory construction and the level of empirical inquiry. To those ends, we have organized the CS program into four core areas in accordance with the expertise of participating faculty members. The four core... [-]

Ph.D. in Language and Literacy

Cardinal Stritch University
Campus Part time 6 semesters September 2017 USA Milwaukee

The Doctorate in Language and Literacy (Ph.D.) program prepares you to act as a literacy leader who understands theoretical and instructional models of literacy, recognizes new literacy trends in our digital age, services literacy acquisition, development and instruction, and fosters systemic change in your organization and community. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. The Doctorate in Language and Literacy (Ph.D.) program prepares you to act as a literacy leader who understands theoretical and instructional models of literacy, recognizes new literacy trends in our digital age, services literacy acquisition, development and instruction, and fosters systemic change in your organization and community. The Doctorate in Language and Literacy program is designed for educators, professionals and researchers with a background and/or interest in literacy, curriculum and instruction, speech and language or a related field. Faculty members integrate their collective expertise in Reading, Curriculum and Instruction, Writing, Special Education, and Speech and Language Pathology in the design and delivery of our innovative program. Successful completion of the program may result in Reading Teacher (license #316) and Reading Specialist (license #17) certification from the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (DPI). This may require additional coursework depending upon your prior experience, and is subject to approval by the Wisconsin DPI. Courses EDL 703 - Research Seminar A EDL 706 - Theoretical Models of Literature and Language EDL 709 - Qualitative Methodology and Design EDL 712 - Current Issues in Assessment EDL 715 - Literacy and Language Symposium EDL 716 - Research in Child Language Disorders Symposium EDL 717 - Literacy and Language Symposium EDL 720 - Writing Theory, Practice and Assessment EDL 722 - Instructional Models of Literacy and Language EDL 726 - Research Seminar B EDL 731 - Quantitative/Experimental Research Methodology/Design EDL 736 - Mixed Methods Research Methodology/Design EDL 740 - Comprehension EDL 746... [-]

PhD in Wisdom Studies

The Wisdom School at Ubiquity University
Campus Full time September 2017 USA USA Online

Our Ph.D. Degree is the most rigorous degree we offer, requiring completion of 48 semester credits and a formal defense of the dissertation in an Oral Examination at the conclusion of the dissertation process. [+]

Our Ph.D. Degree is the most rigorous degree we offer, requiring completion of 48 semester credits and a formal defense of the dissertation in an Oral Examination at the conclusion of the dissertation process. The Ph.D. degree is generally considered a research degree, and is typically sought by those who aspire to reach the highest level of scholarly research in a particular area of interest. It requires an extensive literature review and the dissertation must be an original contribution to the field of inquiry. At the Wisdom School of Graduate Studies, we also emphasize the need for both head and heart in equal measure in all of our degrees, including the Ph.D. This is an important point because the head-heart continuum is a central aspect in our approach to learning and is incorporated in all of our programs. All of our Intensives, like all of our degree programs, challenge the student to balance head, heart, body and soul. The Ph.D. is not an exception to this, but its chief exemplification. Admissions Requirements Students must have a Masters degree or its equivalency. An equivalency consists of documented training beyond a bachelor’s degree that is equivalent in hours and requirements to a Masters Degree. A completed Ubiquity University Admissions Application must be filed with the Office of Admissions. Students are encouraged to belong to an academic research library in the area in which they live. Degree Requirements Ph.D. candidates must complete: 48 semester credits; A dissertation; and An oral examination. Half of... [-]

Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of English
Campus Full time 3 - 4 years September 2017 Hong Kong Kowloon

This scheme gives students from around the world the opportunity to study for a PhD in one of Hong Kong’s highly ranked universities. If you are interested in conducting cutting-edge research in one of the following areas, PolyU’s renowned Department of English is the place for you. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. Study for a PhD in Asia's World City This scheme gives students from around the world the opportunity to study for a PhD in one of Hong Kong’s highly ranked universities. If you are interested in conducting cutting-edge research in one of the following areas, PolyU’s renowned Department of English is the place for you: Language and professional communication Media and communication Language teaching and learning Linguistics, English language and systemic functional linguistics Intercultural communication and area studies Key features of the Fellowship Scheme Monthly stipend of HK$20,000 (approximately US$2,600) Annual conference and research-related travel allowance of HK$10,000 (approximately US$1,300) for 3 years Tuition scholarship and guaranteed hall accommodation in first year for PolyU awardees Important dates Submission of initial application to RGC: From 1 September 2016 to 1 December 2016, 12:00 (Hong Kong Time) Submission of full application to PolyU: 1 December 2016, 23:59 (Hong Kong Time) Admission Requirements You should make your initial application to the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong through the Fellowship Scheme’s online system to obtain a reference number before submitting a full application. When you apply for admission to the PolyU, via the Fellowship Scheme, you will be considered concurrently for a regular place assigned to the University through the award of a Postgraduate Studentship. This means that even if your application for the Fellowship Scheme is unsuccessful, you still may be offered a regular place in the Department of English. You should: hold a postgraduate degree containing... [-]

Ph.D. in Political Science

International Accelerator
Campus Full time Part time September 2017 USA Boston

Whether you want to explore issues facing the public officials who caucus in buildings just blocks from campus, or master international relations, political science students receive broad exposure to the discipline, while gaining an understanding about how politics, government and governance shape the world and its quality of citizenship. [+]

Political Science Whether you want to explore issues facing the public officials who caucus in buildings just blocks from campus, or master international relations, political science students receive broad exposure to the discipline, while gaining an understanding about how politics, government and governance shape the world and its quality of citizenship. What to Expect As a political science major, you will be selecting courses from fields such as American politics, comparative politics, international relations, public administration and policy, and political theory, while also developing one or two individualized areas of interest. You will learn how to research the answers to important questions related to politics, political values and public policy. You will benefit from a wide variety of course offerings and have the opportunity to complete a public service internship to gain hands-on experience. Graduate Degrees Ph.D. in Political Science The College of Arts and Sciences offers a Ph.D. in political science. The doctoral program has produced many distinguished academics and public leaders, both nationally and abroad. [-]

PhD In Humanistic Studies (deh)

Tecnológico de Monterrey
Campus Full time 7 semesters July 2018 Mexico Monterrey Mexico City + 1 more

PhD in Humanistic Studies (DEH) is a response to the need for a critical reflection on the current environment from the humanities. This program seeks to train academics, researchers and experts professionals critical thinking, able to analyze, from an ethical, innovative and constructive perspective, the problems facing contemporary society, while promoting the economic, political, social and cultural development sustainable community and with integrity, to contribute to the betterment of society. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. Description The PhD in Humanistic Studies (DEH) It comes in response to the need for a critical reflection on the current environment from the humanities. This program seeks to train academics, researchers and experts professionals critical thinking, able to analyze, from an ethical, innovative and constructive perspective, the problems facing contemporary society, while promoting the economic, political, social and cultural development sustainable community and with integrity, to contribute to the betterment of society. The DEH has four lines that allow further research, understand and offer solutions on the dilemmas of contemporary culture. These are invigorated by a large, multidisciplinary faculty, top international, responsible for training students of excellence. Target PhD in Humanistic Studies aims: Train researchers with a vision of vanguard in the field of humanities. Prepare specialists who are capable of responding to the challenges of today's society in the field of humanities. Train experts capable of linking research with teaching in the field of humanistic studies. Train people who are capable of performing interdisciplinary research for publication in refereed journals and international spectrum. Develop academic skills using analytical methods. Develop academic knowledge and skills to design and implement solutions to complex problems of contemporary society using analytical methods. Addressed to PhD in Humanistic Studies is aimed at: master's graduates professionals who wish to pursue applied research, teaching and consulting in the areas of literature and discourse, ethical and cultural studies of science, technology and communication. Masterfully teachers, graduates of public and private universities, interested... [-]

PhD in Marriage & Family Therapy (PMFT)

Pan Africa Christian University
Campus Full time January 2018 Kenya Nairobi

The PhD in MFT is an advanced course of the MA in Marriage and Family Therapy. The program is grounded in a Christian worldview that presents a holistic perspective of human nature including physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social aspects of maturation. [+]

PhD in Marriage & Family Therapy (PMFT) Introduction The PhD in MFT is an advanced course of the MA in Marriage and Family Therapy. The program is grounded in a Christian worldview that presents a holistic perspective of human nature including physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social aspects of maturation. The approach focuses on the strengths and the resiliency of family systems and communal resources to restore and build healthy family relationships. Systemic philosophy and models provide the basis for a therapeutic approach to mental health and relational restoration. Values of creativity, respect, compassion, excellence and accountability are promoted. Effective learning and preparation for professional service is believed to occur in an academic community of trust that practices justice, peace and human dignity. Goals of the Program To ensure quality higher education within a faithfully Christian learning environment that facilitates professional training and personal development. To prepare highly competent and top systemic scholars, educators, clinicians, consultants and researchers in the field of marriage and family therapy. To prepare marriage and family therapists who are self-reflective, ethically knowledgeable, culturally sensitive and clinically competent practitioners To train MFTs to bring a systemic perspective and clinical skill set to the mental health and therapeutic communities in Kenya and beyond. To develop a network of professionals whose work is sensitive to culture, gender, power, and inclusive of individual, family, and societal relations. Admission Requirements A Masters Degree, from an accredited University, in Systemic Family Therapy, Counselling Psychology, or other related mental health degrees. A... [-]

PhD in Politics: History, Theory, Science

LUISS Guido Carli University
Campus Full time 3 years October 2017 Italy Rome

The PhD program in Politics: History, Theory, Science, totally taught in English, is aimed at giving participants the skills needed to embark on an academic or professional career in international institutions, NGOs, public and private research institutes, and political and institutional communications. [+]

PhDs in Humanities Studies. The PhD program in Politics: History, Theory, Science, totally taught in English, is aimed at giving participants the skills needed to embark on an academic or professional career in international institutions, NGOs, public and private research institutes, and political and institutional communications. The goal of the PhD program is to supply the tools needed to enter the current debate in philosophy and political theory, political, science and political history and to provide a forum in which this debate can continue and evolve in an advanced academic and internationally relevant context. The program, in collaboration with the Center for Ethics and Global Politics (CEGP), since 2004, is aimed to offer an interdisciplinary perspective on contemporary global political studies. The entire length of the program is three years. The coursework part is held in the first academic year. The second and the third years are generally devoted to the research work and can include a research fellowship period abroad (in agreement with the supervisor and with the Board of Professors). Recently, the program has been enriched by the collaboration of the International Center on Democracies and Democratizations (ICEDD) and the Italian Center for Electoral Studies - Centro Italiano Studi Elettorali (CISE). The application for admission must be submitted online by April 20, 2017- h 12 a.m. In order for us to consider your application it is necessary that you submit a complete application. You must upload all of the requested documentation, and supply correct referee details through our... [-]

Phd In Canon Law

L’Université Catholique Du Congo
Campus Full time 4 years September 2017 Congo, DR Kinshasa

The doctoral program can be supplemented by the Agregation of Higher Education in Canon Law. [+]

Created by the National Episcopal Conference of Congo and canonically erected by the Congregation for Catholic Education, the Faculty of Canon Law aims to promote a thorough teaching and rigorous research in canonical science in harmony with Roman law, modern civil law and The African customs. She thus trained experts in canon law in a spirit of service and full fidelity to the ecclesiastical Magisterium. These experts will also apply to the inculturation of canonical legislation in Africa, "without infringing the divine law and the great discipline of the Church". In this perspective, the Faculty of Canon Law helps to resolve, at first, the urgent necessity of the African Church: - to provide the faculties, the various ecclesiastical higher institutes and the major seminaries with qualified personnel for the Course of Canon Law; - to put at the disposal of the ecclesiastical courts competent judicial personnel; - to provide the Bishops and Major Superiors of Institutes of Consecrated Life and of Societies of Apostolic Life, specialists who can assist them in their respective governments. To achieve these objectives, the courses are divided into three cycles: the graduate in 2 years, the 3-year license and the doctorate in at least 4 years, the first two of which are devoted to the Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA). The doctoral program can be supplemented by the Agregation of Higher Education in Canon Law. The program of courses of the Faculty of Canon Law of the Catholic University of the Congo is established in accordance... [-]

PhD in Philosophy in the Contemporary Thought Specialism

Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias
Campus Full time 3 years October 2017 Portugal Lisbon

A doctorate in philosophy from the specific area of Contemporary Thought is unique in the country and lies in the nuclear target of practical philosophy as knowledge assets, linked to this real world (that critically deconstructed in order to better understand and track). [+]

Entrance Conditions

The following may apply for the Doctoral Programme:

a) People who hold a master's degree or legal equivalent degree;

b) People who hold a B.A., people who have an especially relevant school or scientific curriculum that is acknowledged as certifying capacity to obtain this study cycle by the Doctoral Programme's Scientific Committee;

c) People who have a school, scientific and professional curriculum that is acknowledged as certifying capacity to obtain this study cycle by the Doctoral Programme’s Scientific Committee.

 

Objectives

A doctorate in philosophy from the specific area of Contemporary Thought is unique in the country and lies in the nuclear target of practical philosophy as knowledge assets, linked to this real world (that critically deconstructed in order to better understand and track). Although knowing it deeply, and assuming it to be, this cycle does not cover the history of philosophy and philosophical systems but the future of philosophy in a world crumbled and unsustainable without reflective categories. In March more comprehensive than systematic, more critical than traditional, this course offers the philosophy as attitude, mood and cognitive evaluative. It is this integrated task and real, practical challenge and that it transmits from its origin in the City, taking the important affairs of his time, they come from another science, another field, another labor. The epistemological aspect of the 3rd cycle of studies is reflected in the contemporary framework of global complexities.... [-]