Innovation and entrepreneurship programs attempt to provide the two elements that are necessary for success in developing new businesses and technologies. Prospective students should prepare for an exploration of topics such as international competitiveness, business creation and technology entrepreneurship.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.