Interdisciplinary studies give students the flexibility to create a program or major that draws from multiple fields of study. Often, these programs are organized around a particular theme, question, or research topic that interests the student.

France is currently among the 20 best performing countries in terms of the economy due to their excellent results-oriented higher education learning. Most of the courses at universities are offered in the French language. France has 60 public and 100 private universities.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.