Studying bilingualism and second-language acquirement through conversation and language acquisition analysis helps applied linguistics researchers develop theories about language learning. This information can then be used to shape language policy and more effectively teach students.

Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state and a member state of the European Union. It is located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Spanish universities regulate access to their degrees, and they fix the academic fees. They can also offer unofficial postgraduate degrees. Madrid has the largest number of bars per capita of any European city and a very active nightlife.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.