Study in molecular sciences can open up many innovative and new scientific fields to pursue, including molecular neuroscience, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, molecular basis of monogenic diseases, molecular virology and immunology, and the molecular basis of complex diseases.

Russia (Russian: Россия) is by far the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. The former State Committee for Higher Education in Russia financed 240 universities, academies and institutes, making Russia a solid country to study in.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.