Scientific history explores the development of a particular field of study such as physics, astronomy and ecology. Scientific historians analyze the evolution of their particular field of study to establish theories and hypotheses that can continue the growth of their science.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.

Online learning refers to use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. With online learning one has the flexibility to access their studies at any time and from anywhere they can log on.