Although technology may seem like a contemporary development, humans have been using technology since they began converting natural resources into tools. For example, the understanding of fire and its use in prehistoric cooking could be considered a facet of technology.

Australia has a subsidized higher education for students pursuing the undergraduate degrees. They also give loan and grants for the post graduate students. Higher learning starts at undergraduate degree level to a doctoral degree offered in any field of study.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.