Although technology may seem like a contemporary development, humans have been using technology since they began converting natural resources into tools. For example, the understanding of fire and its use in prehistoric cooking could be considered a facet of technology.

It is known as the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is in Western Asia. The education here is centralized with K-12 education being supervised by the ministry of education whereas the higher education is overseen by the ministry of Science and Technology.According to SCImago, Iran could rank fourth in the world in terms of research output by 2018.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.