The practice of transforming substances into usable products is called chemical engineering. Studies in this discipline can prepare students for careers in areas such as the chemical, pharmaceutical, energy and petroleum industries.

Botswana is located in southern Africa and has made significant progress in developing its higher education system. The discovery of diamonds substantially increased revenue for the nation, and much of this revenue has been funneled into improving schools and colleges.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.