Individuals interested in conservation, natural resources, and the effects of climate change may be well-suited for an academic program with a focus on ecological science. This particular branch studies how living organisms can bring out both positive and negative effects on their environment.

Russia (Russian: Россия) is by far the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. The former State Committee for Higher Education in Russia financed 240 universities, academies and institutes, making Russia a solid country to study in.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.